Cindy,
A significant number of Union dead were exhumed by contractors in 1867 from plots from across southwest Missouri and reinterred at the National Cemetery in Springfield. These included graves from the Carthage and Cassville areas.
Unfortunately, after checking the rosters of the Springfield and Fort Scott National Cemeteries I was unable to find your ancestor's name. This doesn't necessarily mean his body isn't in one of these places. The records are incomplete, and I would still contact each cemetery director for confirmation. It is also very probable that the identity of his grave was lost sometime between his death and any exhumation. Most of the bodies reinterred in 1867 were unknowns.
Sorry I don't have better information. Good luck in your search.
v/r,
Kip Lindberg