that is part of it. The next is some measure of effectiveness based on range. I would assume this to be a function of dispersion (CEP) of the fall of shot and bursting radius of a shell. That is, are a 12 pdr howitzer and a 12 pdr Napolean equally effective at 1000 yards? At 300 yards?

Finally, we have to account for the exceptions. In our current project S.D. Lee called Sharpsburg 'artillery hell' although his gunners ignored the long range Union fire when they had to. I've read ('Long Arm of Lee' and elsewhere) that the Union artillery across the Antietam was 3000 yards away. Should we provide for longer ranges for counter battery by heavier guns? Especially when they the elevation to see at those ranges?

From what you've said and what I've picked up, it seems holding fire against infantry and cavalry to 1200 yards may be a viable approach from a simulation perspective. Next I must adjust the multipliers of accuracy and rates of fire at various ranges and finally handle long range fires.

Thanks for you help and any other ideas you may have,

Chip Pharr